Generation of Computer

Generation of computers

Classification on the basis of generation computers can be classify according to major changes in the development of computers Industries.
These major changes in the hardware and software technology in termed as generations.

First Generation of Computer (1942-1955)

                     

                        Vacuum tube

• The computer in this generation used vaccum tubes as technology. A vacuum tubes is sealed glass tube which allows free passage of electric current.
• Vaccum tube were about the size of small electric bulb and produce lots of heat.
• The computer in this generation suched huge electricity causing berak downs.
• The vaccum tubes could perform calculations at a very high speed and were the only available high speed electronic switching device in these days.
• The concept of machine language ( language that can be understand by the computer) was invented in this generation.
• They had poor relibility as they could produce inaqurate results.
• The computer in first generation had a very limited commercial use.
• Air condition was required and lots of wiring is required.

Second Generatin of Computer (1955-1964)

                 Transister Technology

• To overcome the difficulties encountered while working with computer based on vaccum tubes, A new switching electronic device calles transister was introduce.
• The computer were about 10 time faster then the first generation of computer.
• They were high reliable and less chances of hardware failer.
• Less amount of heat was generated but still air condition was required.
• They consume lesser power then first generation of computer.
• They were much smaller in size and required lesser space for installation.
• The commercial production of speed generation of computer was limited and costly.
• The circuit was complex so the proper knowledge was required.

Third Generation of computer (1964-75)

                 IC (Integrated Circuit)

• In third generation of computer a new technology called integrated circuit was introdiced . The various component were interconnected inside the chip to form an electronic circuit, this was known as Small Scale Integarion (SSI).
• Larte advancement were made and it was made possible to integrated about 100 component on a single chip, this technology was named as Medium Scale Integration (MSI).
• The concept of time saving was intoduced during the generation. User interacted with third generation computer by keyboard and moniter with an operating system , which allowed many application to be run at the same time.
• Many high level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, BASIC etc were introduced  in this generation.
• The cost of preparation and maintainance of these computer very less.
• They produce lesser heat then the generations inventioned above but still air conditioning was required.
• Being smaller in size, they required lesser space for installation.

Forth Generation of Computer (1975-91)

          The Micro-Processor Technology

• The forth generation of computer was IC that called Integrate over 3000 component into a single chip, this integration was called Large Scale Integration (LSI).
• Later it was made possible to integrate over 1 lack components on a single chip , this process let to the development of micro-processor. This integration was also known as Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI).
• The use of high speed computer networking was also interduce in this generation . A large numbers of computers could bs connect with each other for data sharing and resounce sharing.
• The concept of LAN, MAN, WAN was also introduce in this generation.
• A major development in softwere was the development of several new operatinng system like MS-DOS, MS-Window.
• Programming languages such as C, C++ were introduced in this generation.
• The computer were much smaller in size then the generations mentioned above.
• No air conditioning was required for the forth generation of compueter, more reliable and very less chances of hardware failer.
• Used in application development by usera 
• Compact aizeuser friendly operating syatem and application were introduce.

Fifth Generation of Computer (Present and be on)

            AI - Artificial Intellegence

• Fifth genwration of computer is based on artificial intelligence which is a hot topic these days.
• Voice recognisation is also being used in fifth generation.
• AI is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans.
• AI include playing games, expert system and Robotics etc.
• The goal of fith generation of computer is develop device that responed to natural languages.  Example : Human Languages like English, Hindi, punjabi nad other languages.